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Rules,  Requirements 

and 

Universal  Safety  Standards 

OF  THE 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ACCIDENT  PREVENTION 
INSPECTION  AND  MERIT  CLASSIFICATION 

Workmen's  Compensation 
Service  Bureau,  j  ay/     / 


GENERAL  STANDARDS 

Recommended  by  the  Committee  of  Safety  Engineers 

Approved  by  the  Rating  and  Classification  Committee 

Edition,  February,  1914 


i  ' 


Rules,  Requirements 

and 

Universal  Safety  Standards 

OF  THE 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ACCIDENT  PREVENTION 
INSPECTION  AND   MERIT  CLASSIFICATION 

Workmen's  Compensation 
Service  Bureau 

80  Maiden  Lane 
New  York 


GENERAL  STANDARDS 

Recommended  by  the  Committee  of  Safety  Engineers 
Approved  by  the  Rating  and  Classification  Committee 


Compiled  by 

Carl  M.  Hansen 

Secretary 

Price  $1.00 

Edition,  February,  1914 


^f^ 


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Copyright,  1913,  1914 

by 

C.  M.  Hansen 

All  rights  reserved 


INDEX 

Pag'e 

Index  to  Plates 4 

Introduction 5 

Buildings 9 

Skylights 9 

Tanks  on  Roofs 10 

Floors 10 

Floor  openings  (not  Hoistways) 10 

Hoistways 10 

Stairs 11 

Elevated  Runways  and  Platforms 11 

Boilers 12-13 

Steam  Engines 13 

Gas  Engines 14 

Electrical  Equipment 14 

Power  Transmission  Equipment 14-15-16 

Maintenance  and  Inspection 16-17 

Safety  and  Welfare 17 

Protection  Against  Fire  Hazard 17-18 

Explosives  and  Dangerous  Gases,  Vapors  and  Fumes 18-19-20 

General  Order,  Light  and  Sanitation 20-21 

Ladders 21 

Yards 21 

Grinding  Wheels 21-22 

Elevators 22-23-24 


342670 


INDEX  TO  PJLATES 

Plate 

Height  of  Buildings 1 

Skylights 2 

Tanks  on  Roofs 3-4 

Floor  Openings 5-6-7-8 

Hoistways 5-6-9 

Stairs 10-11-12-13 

Elevated  Runways  and  Platforms  ...    14-15-16 

Boiler  House  (Detached) 17 

Boiler  House  (Adjoining) 18 

Valve  Lock 19 

Expansion  Joints 20 

Governor  Mechanisms 21-22-23 

Complete  Engines 24a-24b 

Flywheels 25-26-27 

Motors 28-29 

Switch  Board 30 

Pole  Transformer 31 

Gears 32-33-34-35-36 

Overhead  Pulleys  near  bearings 37-38 

Belts 39-40-41-42-43-44-45 

Shafts 46-47 

Collars 48-49-50-54 

Couplings  51-52-53 

Fire  Escapes 55-56a-56b 

Fire  Towers 57 

Fire  Wall 58a  58b 

Ladder  Ends , 59 

Flanges  for  Grinding  Wheels 60-61 

Grinding  Wheel  Guards 62-63-64 

Exhaust  System 65 

Goggles  and  Face  Masks 66a-66b-66c 

Elevator  Sheaves 67 

Locking  Devices  for  Hand  Rope  for  Elevators 68 

Elevator  with  Sides  Encased 69 

Elevator  with  Hatch  Covers 70 

Universal  Danger  Sign 71 

Safety  Eclipsing  Danger 72 


WORKMEN'S    COMPENSATION    SERVICE 
BUREAU 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ACCIDENT   PREVENTION, 
INSPECTION    AND    MERIT   CLASSIFICATION 


Introduction 

THIS  Department  is  not  conducted  for  profit.  Its 
financial  support  is  received  from  its  subscribing 
members,  which  are  the  leading  workmen's 
compensation  and  hability  insurance  companies  doing 
business  on  this  continent,  and  its  activities  are  carried 
on  under  the  direction  of  Committees  composed  of  officers, 
managers  and  safety  engineers  of  these  companies.  Its 
purpose  is  as  outlined  in  the  Constitution. 

( a)  To  provide  for  the  inspection  by  skilled 
inspectors  of  Workmen's  Compensation 
and  Liability  risks  and  their  classifica- 
tion according  to  merit  as  regards  the 
use  and  efficiency  of  safety  appliances, 
the  care  exercised  in  the  conduct  and 
management  of  the  business  or  work, 
the  history  of  the  risk  in  respect  to 
casualties,  and  other  conditions,  physical 
or  otherwise,  under  which  the  business 
or  work  of  the  given  establishment  is 
conducted. 

(b)  To  secure  to  employers  of  labor  equi- 
table rates  of  insurance  as  a  reward  for 
efforts  made  to  reduce  the  number  of 
accidents  and  eliminate  the  danger  of 
personal  injuries  to  workmen. 


6  Introduction 

(c)  To  inaugurate  and  conduct  a  general 
campaign  of  education  on  the  subject 
of  accident  prevention  by  means  of 
illustrated  lectures,  exhibitions  and  the 
distribution  of  suitable  literature  or  any 
other  means  designed  to  stimulate  a 
greater  interest  among  employers,  em- 
ployees, and  the  public  generally  in  the 
development  of  safe  and  sanitary  meth- 
ods in  the  conduct  of  every  industry 
and  business  enterprise. 

The  following  rules,  requirements  and  safety  stand- 
ards covering  essential  features  of  general  equipment  in 
most  manufacturing  establishments  have  been  agreed 
upon  in  joint  conference  with  accredited  representatives 
of  safety  departments  of  the  leading  workmen's  com- 
pensation and  liability  insurance  companies,  have  been 
reviewed  and  approved  by  the  Rating  and  Classification 
Committee  of  the  Workmen's  Compensation  Service 
Bureau  and  are  to  be  known  as  ''Universal  Safety 
Standards." 

Any  forms  of  construction  or  safeguarding  which 
do  not  comply  with  the  standards  herein  laid  down,  but 
which  are  thought  to  have  equal  merit,  should  be  sub- 
mitted for  approval  to  the  Workmen's  Compensation 
Service  Bureau.  If  they  are  found  to  be  efficient,  they 
will  be  recognized  accordingly. 

These  rules  or  standards  constitute  simply  a  partial 
outline  of  essential  safety  requirements,  and  compliance 
with  them  does  not  necessarily  mean  that,  in  the  absence 
of  other  essential  safety  features  which  cannot  well  be 


Introduction  7 

specified  herein,  the  equipment  in  question  will  be 
approved  as  standard. 

The  word  ''approved"  wherever  used  in  these 
standards  shall  be  understood  to  mean  approval  by  the 
Workmen's  Compensation  Service  Bureau. 

These  standards  have  been  agreed  upon  with  special 
reference  to  the  possibility  of  making  existing  buildings 
and  equipment  conform  to  them.  Where  new^  construc- 
tion and  installation  of  new  equipment  is  under  consider- 
ation, many  safety  features  could  and  should  be  included 
which  are  not  referred  to  in  these  standards.  In  such 
cases,  manufacturers,  managers,  superintendents,  master 
mechanics,  millwrights,  construction  engineers  and 
architects  are  respectfully  requested  to  communicate 
with  the  Department  of  Accident  Prevention,  Inspection 
and  Merit  Classification  of  the  Workmen's  Compensation 
Service  Bureau,  which  will  be  glad  to  furnish  free  expert 
advice  on  the  particular  problem  presented. 

CARL  M.  HANSEN, 

Secretary. 


GENERAL  STANDARDS 
WORKMEN'S  COMPENSATION  SERVICE  BUREAU 


Buildings 
Height 

(a)  Height  not  to  exceed  four  (4)  stories. 

(b)  A  basement  five  (5)  feet  or  more  above  ground 
level  on  any  side  to  be  counted  as  a  story.  (See  Plate 
No.  1.) 

Construction 

(a)  To  be  fireproof  or  slow  burning. 

Fireproof  construction — building  with  fireproof,  non- 
combustible  walls,  roofs  and  floors. 

Slow-burning  or  mill  construction — building  with  stone, 
concrete  or  brick  walls,  and  floors  of  not  less  than  two  (2) 
inch  planks,  with  hard  wood  top  floors  on  beams  (without 
joists)  on  posts. 


Equipment 

(a)  An  automatic  sprinkler  system  to  be  an  approved 
system  as  regards  both  equipment  and  installation. 


Skylights 

Any  opening  (horizontal  or  on  any  incline  up  to  fifteen 
(15)  degrees  to  the  vertical)  in  a  roof  for  the  purpose  of 
admitting  light  or  air. 

(a)  To  be  guarded  with  wire  mesh  or  constructed  of 
wire  glass,  except  in  the  case  of  a  skylight  located  in 
a  well  with  one  or  more  fioors  above,  which  is  to  be 
protected  with  a  wire  netting  of  not  less  than  twelve  (12) 
gauge  wire  and  of  not  more  than  one  and  one-half  (1/^) 
inch  mesh,  and  also  constructed  of  wire  glass.  (See 
Plate  No.  2.) 


10  General   Standards 

Tanks  on  Roofs 

(a)  Proper  ladders  and  platforms  to  be  provided 
around  each  tank  and  its  supports  to  permit  thorough 
inspection  of  all  parts.     (See  Plates  Nos.  3-4.) 


Floors 

(a)  To  be   free   from    protruding   nails,   splinters, 
holes,  slipperiness,  unevenness,  loose  boards,  etc. 


Floor  Openings  (Not  Hoistways) 

Any  opening  in  a  floor  made  for  a  specific  purpose,  and 
necessary  for  the  conduct  of  the  work. 

(a)  To  be  guarded  with  a  railing  not  less  than  three 
and  one-half  (3>^)  feet  high,  a  toe  board  not  less  than 
six  (6)  inches  high  and  an  additional  railing  midway 
between  the  two.  Railings  to  be  constructed  in  a  per- 
manent and  substantial  manner,  of  either  pipe,  metal 
work  or  wood.  One  or  more  sides  may  be  hinged.  (See 
Plates  Nos.  5-6.) 

(b)  A  chute  or  stairway  opening,  which  cannot 
practically  be  guarded  as  required  above,  to  be  provided 
with  a  hinged  cover.     (See  Plates  Nos.  7-8.) 


Hoistways 

Any  opening  in  a  floor,  platform  outside  of  a  building,  or 
opening  giving  access  to  a  yard  arm,  used  for  the  purpose 
of  hoisting  material  by  tackle  or  other  means  from  one 
level  to  another  (not  including  platform  elevator). 

(a)  To  be  guarded  according  to  standards  for  floor 
openings.     (See  Plates  Nos.  5-6-9.) 


Workmen's   Compensation   Service    Bureau  1  I 

Stairs 

Any   flight  of  steps  having  more  than  three    (3)  risers. 

(a)  To  have  treads  in  good  condition,  firmly  secured 
and  with  no  protruding  bolts,  screws  or  nails. 

(b)  To  be  equipped  with  permanent  and  substantial 
hand  rails,  thirty-six  (36)  inches  in  height  from  center 
of  tread  and  constructed  of  pipe,  iron  work  or  wood,  as 
follows : 

1.  On  all  open  sides.     (See  Plate  No.  10.) 

2.  On  one  side  of  enclosed   stairway   four  (4) 
feet  or  less  in  width.     (See  Plate  No.  11.) 

3.  On  both  sides  of  enclosed  stairway  over  four 
(4)  feet  in  width.     (See  Plate  No.  12. ) 

4.  On  both  sides  and  in  center  of  stairway  over 
eight  (8)  feet  in  width.     (See  Plate  No.  13.) 

(c)  Wood  hand  rails  to  be  smooth  and  free  from 
splinters. 


Elevated  Runways  and  Platforms 

Any  runway  or  platform  suspended  from  above  or  sup- 
ported from  underneath. 

(a)  If  four  (4)  feet  or  more  from  floor  level,  to  be 
provided  with  substantial  standard  handrail.  (See Plate 
No.  14.) 

(b)  If  six  (6)  feet  or  more  from  floor  level,  to  be 
provided  also  with  toe  board  (for  specifications  see  ''Floor 
Openings. ' ' )     (See  Plates  Nos.  15-16. ) 


12  General  Standards 

Boilers 

(a)  To  be  located  in  detached  or  adjoining  boiler 

house. 

A  detached  boiler  house  is  one  located  ten  (10)  feet  or 
more  from  any  part  of  the  main  building.  (See  Plate 
No.  17. ) 

An  adjoining  boiler  house  is  one  connected  with  or  in 
close  proximity  to  the  main  building,  but  with  a  brick 
wall  intervening,     i  See  Plate   No.  18. ) 

(b)  Each  boiler  to  be  provided  with  an  efficient 
safety  valve,  with  no  stop  valve  between  it  and  boiler, 
and  with  efficient  steam  gauge  and  water  gauge. 

(c)  If  blow-off  pipe  is  connected  to  a  closed  tank, 
the  tank  to  be  constructed  to  withstand  boiler  pressure. 

(d)  If  blow-off  pipe  is  open  to  the  atmosphere,  outlet 
to  be  so  located  that  no  one  passing  will  be  scalded. 

(e)  Outlets  for  drains  from  water  columns,  gauges 
and  other  fittings  to  be  so  located  and  arranged  that  no 
one  passing  will  be  scalded. 

(f)  When  a  person  is  working  in  any  boiler  of  a  bat- 
tery, legible  danger  signs  to  be  provided  and  attached  to 
all  steam  valves,  feed  valves  and  blow-off  valves  of  the 
boiler,  and  the  handles  of  the  valves  to  be  locked.  (See 
Plate  No.  19.) 

(g)  Steam  piping  to  be  substantially  supported,  and 
suitable  provision  made  for  expansion  and  contraction. 
(See  Plate  No.  20.) 

(h)  Pits  in  boiler  rooms  to  be  substantially  guarded 
or  covered,  according  to  standards  for  "Floor  Openings." 
(See  Plates  Nos.  5,  6,  7,  8.) 

(i)  Safe  means  of  access  to  all  valves  to  be  provided. 

(j)  If  floor  in  boiler  house  is  of  wood,  steel 
receptacles  to  be  provided  for  hot  ashes. 


Workmen's  Compensation  Service  Bureau  13 

(k)  Boilers  to  be  regularly  inspected  by  a  licensed 
Steam  Boiler  Inspection  and  Insurance  Company  or  by 
approved  City,  County  or  State  Boiler  Inspection 
Departments . 

(1)  Stacks  to  be  either  brick  or  concrete. 

Steam  Engines 

(a)  Each  engine  to  be  equipped  with  an  efficient 
governor.  (A  device  which  will  at  all  times  automati- 
cally control  the  speed  of  the  engine  under  varied  load). 

(b)  Valve  gear  to  be  so  arranged,  or  other  provisions 
made,  that  in  event  of  load  being  removed,  engine  will 
stop  if  governor  fails  to  act.  (A  broken  belt  stop  to  be 
considered  sufficient  for  slide  or  four  valve  engines). 
(See  Plates  Nos.  21,  22,  23.) 

(c)  All  dangerously  located  moving  parts,  such  as 
flywheels,  cranks,  eccentrics,  cross-heads,  tail-rods,  fly- 
balls  of  governor,  etc.,  to  be  guarded  in  approved  man- 
ner.    (See  Plates  Nos.  24a-24b.) 

(d)  Flywheels  to  be  protected  as  follows  : 

1.  If  guard  can  be  fifteen  (15)  inches  or  more 
from  wheel,  with  a  fencing  at  least  three 
and  one-half  (3>2)  feet  high  and  if  in  pit  with 
a  toe  board  six  (6)  inches  high.  (See  Plates 
Nos.  25-26.) 

2.  Where  guard  must  be  less  than  fifteen  (15) 
inches  from  wheel,  with  a  fencing  at  least 
five  (5)  feet  high,  the  fencing  to  be  either 
solid  or  of  raihng  filled  in  with  wire  mesh. 
(See  Plate  No.  27.) 

(e)  To  be  equipped  with  an  independent  automatic 
speed  limit  engine  stop,  with  stop  stations  conveniently 
located  throughout  the  plant.  Stops  to  be  periodically 
tested  and  record  kept  of  such  tests. 

NOTE— The  above  standards  to  be  considered  applicable  also  to 
pump  engines  and  air  compressors  when  the  construction  is 
such  as  to  bring  them  within  these  requirements. 


14  General  Standards 

Gas  Engines 

(a)  If  engine  has  a  gas  bag  regulator,  the  regulator 
to  be  enclosed  in  metal  case  vented  to  outside  atmosphere. 

NOTE.  —  Fly  wheel  and  other  dangerously  moving  parts  to  be  guarded 
according  to  standards  for  steam  engines.  (See  Plates  25-26-27.) 

Electrical  Equipment 

(a)  Feed  wires  to  be  run  in  approved  conduits,  or 
otherwise  properly  insulated,  and  all  joints  to  be  care- 
fully made,  soldered  and  taped. 

(b)  Dynamos  and  motors  to  be  fully  guarded  by 
railing  or  wire  netting.     (See  Plates  Nos.  28-29. ) 

(c)  Rear  of  all  switchboards  to  be  enclosed.  (See 
Plate  No.  30.) 

(d)  Switch  for  rendering  switchboard  dead  to  be 
provided  on  main  feeders. 

(e)  Transformers  to  be  so  located  that  employees 
cannot  come  in  contact  with  them: 

1.  If  within  buildings,  to  be  located  in  separate 
locked  rooms. 

2.  If  located  on  poles  outside  of  building,  a 
substantial  platform  to  be  provided  for  work- 
men.    (See  Plate  No.  31.) 

(f)  Properly  insulated  platforms  or  rubber  mats  to 
be  placed  around  all  electrical  apparatus.  (See  Plates 
Nos.  28-30.) 

Power  Transmission  Equipment 

(Not  Including  Direct  Transmission  of  Power  to 
Working  Machines) 

(a)  All  gears,  wherever  located,  to  be  completely 
encased,  or  where  that  is  impracticable,  to  have  a  band 
guard  provided  with  side  flanges  extending  inward  be- 
yond the  root  of  the  teeth.  (See  Plates  Nos.  32-33-34- 
35-36-46.) 


Workmen's  Compensation  Service  Bureau  15 

(b)  Any  part  of  a  friction  clutch  within  seven  (7) 
feet  of  the  floor,  to  be  completely  and  substantially 
housed. 

(c)  Belt  pulleys  and  friction  clutch  pulleys  located 
twenty-four  (24)  inches  or  less  from  a  bearing,  to  be 
completely  encased  on  side  nearest  bearing.  (See  Plates 
Nos.  37-38. ) 

(d)  Vertical  and  inclined  belts  to  be  substantially 
guarded  as  follows : 

1.  If  guard  must  be  less  than  fifteen  (15) 
inches  from  belt,  with  a  complete  enclosure 
to  a  height  of  six  (6)  feet.  (See  Plates 
Nos.  38-39.) 

2.  If  guard  can  be  placed  with  at  least  fifteen 
(15)  inches  clearance  from  the  belt,  with  a 
railing  at  least  three  and  one-half  (3>^)  feet 
high.     (See  Plates  Nos.  40-41.) 

(e)  Horizontal  belts  to  be  substantially  guarded 
as  follows: 

1.  If  upper  part  is  less  than  six  (6)  feet  from 
floor  level  or  platform,  to  be  completely  en- 
cased on  top  and  sides  or  a  standard  railing 
at  least  flfteen  (15)  inches  from  belt  to  be 
provided.     (See  Plates  Nos.  42-43.) 

2.  Where  pulleys  are  of  such  dimension  and 
so  located  as  to  permit  passage  between  upper 
and  lower  part  of  belt,  standard  railing  to  be 
provided  and  a  substantial  passageway 
guarded  on  sides  and  top  to  be  constructed, 
or  space  traversed  by  belt  to  be  completely 
barred  against  passage.  (See  Plates  Nos. 
43-44.) 

3.  Overhead  belts  with  lower  part  seven  (7)  feet 
or  less  from  floor  level  or  platform,  to  be 
guarded  on  sides  and  bottom.  (See  Plate 
No.  45.) 


16  General  Standards 

4.  Overhead  belts  six  (6)  inches  or  more  in 
width  and  more  than  seven  (7)  feet  from  floor 
level  or  platform,  to  be  guarded  underneath. 
(See  Plate  No.  45.) 

(f )  Vertical  shafts  to  be  encased  to  a  height  of  six 
(6)  feet  from  floor  or  platform.     (See  Plate  No.  46.) 

(g)  Horizontal  shafting  less  than  six  (6)  feet  from 
floor  or  platform  level,  to  be  encased  or  protected  by 
railing.     (See  Plates  Nos.  42-43-47. ) 

(h)  Dead  ends  of  shafts  less  than  six  (6)  feet  from 
floor  or  platform  level,  or  near  platforms,  to  be  guarded. 
(See  Plate  No.  26.) 

(i)  AU  parts  of  pulleys  within  seven  (7)  feet  of  floor 
or  platform,  to  be  enclosed  or  protected  by  railing. 
(See  Plates  Nos.  42-43-44-45.) 

(j)  Set  screws  to  be  of  safety  type.  (See  Plates 
Nos.  48-49-50.) 

(k)  Couphngs  and  collars  to  be  of  safety  type.  (See 
Plates  Nos.  51-52-53-54.) 

( 1 )  Proper  belt  shifter  to  be  provided  for  tight  and 
loose  pulleys  on  shafting. 

(m)  Efficient  means  to  be  provided  in  each  room  or 

department  for  stopping  all  machinery  in  that  room  or 

department. 

NOTE — The  above  standards  in  regard  to  shafts  and  equipment  of 
shafts  apply  to  all  main  shafting,  jack  shafting,  drive  shafting 
and  counter  shafting  up  to  but  not  including  belts  actually 
driving  machines. 

Maintenance  and  Inspection 

(a)  Bearings  on  shafting  to  be  of  self-oiling  type  or 
other  means  to  be  provided  to  obviate  the  necessity  of 
oiling  while  shafting  is  in  motion. 

(b)  Chains,  hooks,  slings  and  ropes  to  be  regularly 
inspected,  and  chains  and  hooks  to  be  regularly  annealed 
and  records  kept  of  such  inspection  and  anneahng. 


Workmen's  Compensation  Service   Bureau  17 

(c)  Machinery  and  safety  appliances  to  be  regularly 
inspected  and  record  kept  of  the  inspections. 


Safety  and  Welfare 

(a)  Accident  prevention  activities  and  education  to 
be  regularly  carried  on  among  employees  through  safety 
committees  composed  of  employees,  and  literature  on 
accident  prevention  embodying  specific  rules  and  regu- 
lations relating  to  safety  in  their  work  to  be  distributed 
among  employees  in  language  (or  languages)  understood 
by  them. 

(b)  Efficient  means  for  first  aid  to  the  injured  to  be 
provided  on  premises. 


Protection  Against  Fire  Hazard 

(a)  All  buildings  to  be  equipped  with  efficient  and 
ample  fire  fighting  appliances,  such  as  fire  hose  and/or 
fire  pails,  and/or  chemical  extinguishers,  and/or  sprink- 
ler systems. 

(b)  All  buildings  to  have  sufficient  exits  and  fire 
escapes  as  follows : 

1.  At  least  two  (2)  exits  completely  separated 
and  each  enclosed  in  fire  walls  (stairs  and 
elevator  in  the  same  shaft  or  near  together 
to  be  considered  one  exit  unless  separated 
by  fire-wall).     (See  Plate  No.  55.) 

2.  All  exit  doors  to  open  outward.  (A  sliding 
door  may  be  used  if  door  runs  in  boxing.) 

3.  Exits  to  fire  escapes  to  be  kept  unlocked  at 
all  times  when  employees  are  in  building, 
and  aisles  leading  to  exits  to  be  kept  clear  at 
all  times. 


18  General   Standards 

4.  Exits  to  be  plainly  marked.  (See  Plates 
Nos.  55-56A-56B. ) 

5.  Landings  on  fire  escapes  to  be  level  with 
floor,  and  sill  of  exit  not  to  exceed  two  (2) 
inches  in  height.  (See  Plates  Nos.  56a-56b-57.) 

6.  Where  fire  escapes  border  windows,  glass 
must  be  wire  glass  in  metal  frames.  (See 
Plates  Nos.  56a-56b-57.  ) 

7.  Where  a  building  is  divided  into  two  (2)  or 
more  separate  departments  or  sections  by 
fire  walls  running  vertically  from  cellar  floor 
to  roof,  sliding  flreproof  doors  to  be  provided 
in  such  wall  or  walls  on  each  floor,  and  doors 
to  be  kept  unlocked  at  all  times  when  any 
employees  are  in  building.  Windows  border- 
ing flre  wall  on  both  sides,  to  be  wire  glass 
set  in  metal  frames.  Fire  escapes  to  be  pro- 
vided direct  from  each  such  department  or 
section.     (See  Plates  No.  58a  and  58b.  ) 

(c)  Every  building  more  than  one  (1)  story  in  height, 
to  be  equipped  with  efficient  means  of  giving  alarm  of 
fire  to  employees. 

(d)  Where  building  is  more  than  one  (1)  story  in 
height,  fire  drills  to  be  practiced. 


Explosives  and  Dangerous  Gases,  Vapors 
and  Fumes 

(a)  Where  any  explosive  or  otherwise  dangerous 
materials  (liquids,  solids,  gases,  vapors  or  fumes)  are 
generated,  used,  kept  or  stored,  the  following  require- 
ments to  be  observed: 


Workmen's  Compensation  Service  Bureau  19 

1.  Rooms  where  explosive  or  dangerous  gases, 
vapors,  or  fumes,  are  used  or  generated,  to  be  tightly 
enclosed  and  provided  with  a  proper  system  of  ventilation. 

NOTE— If  the  gas  or  vapor  is  lighter  than  air,  hoods  and  vents 
without  suction  fans  maybe  sufficient,  but  if  it  is  heavier  than 
air,  a  suction  fan  must  be  used. 

2.  Joints  in  tanks,  pipes,  conveyors,  valves,  etc., 
used  for  storage  or  conveyance  of  explosive  liquids,  gases 
or  vapors,  to  be  kept  tight. 

3.  Before  work  is  done  on  vessels,  pipes,  etc.,  suffi- 
cient time  to  be  given  to  allow  gas  to  escape. 

NOTE — Special  care  to  be  exercised  before  work  requiring  the  use 
of  heat  or  a  flame  is  done.  Apparatus  which  has  contained 
acetylene  to  be  first  filled  with  water  to  force  out  the  gas. 

4.  No  open  light  or  flame,  nor  any  machine  or  equip- 
ment capable  of  producing  a  spark,  to  be  allowed  in 
rooms  where  explosives  are  present.  Only  incandescent 
lights  to  be  used,  and  these  to  be  of  the  double-globe, 
vapor-proof  keyless  type. 

NOTE— Shafting  and  machinery  likely  to  cause  a  static  electric 
spark,  to  be  well  grounded.  All  switches,  fuses,  etc.,  to  be 
placed  outside  of  the  room. 

5.  Danger  signs  to  be  posted  on  all  doors  leading 
into  the  room,  w^arning  against  carrying  open  lights  into 
the  room  and  stating  in  language  (or  languages)  under- 
stood by  all  employees  the  hazard  of  so  doing. 

6.  Where  large  amounts  of  explosive  liquids  are 
used,  the  main  supply  to  be  stored  in  a  tank  located  at 
lea&t  thirty  (30)  feet  from  the  building  and  at  least  two 
(2)  feet  underground,  a  working  supply  to  be  pumped 
into  building  as  needed.  Supply  system  to  be  so  ar- 
ranged that  when  the  pump  is  stopped  all  the  liquid  in 
the  pipe  will  flow  back  into  the  supply  tank.  Where 
supply  is  thus  pumped  into  building,  safety  cans  of  not 
over  ten  (10)  gallons  capacity  to  be  used  for  distribution 
in  the  building  itself. 


20  General  Standards 

7.  Where  it  is  impracticable  to  use  a  buried  tank 
and  a  pump,  the  main  supply  to  be  stored  outside  of  and 
well  away  from  other  buildings  and  to  be  kept  under, 
lock  and  key.  Working  supply  in  such  cases  to  be  taken 
into  building  in  closed  safety  cans  of  not  over  ten  (10) 
gallons  capacity. 

8.  Signs,  in  language  (or  languages)  understood  by 
all  employees,  prohibiting  the  burning  of  an  open  flame 
near  place  of  storage  or  pump,  or  other  apparatus  con- 
taining or  conveying  explosives,  and  giving  specific  in- 
structions as  to  safe  methods  of  handling,  to  be  promi- 
nently displayed. 

9.  Empty  barrels  which  have  contained  highly  explo- 
sive liquids  to  be  stored,  bung  holes  down,  in  safe  places 
in  the  open  air. 

(b)  Coal,  lamp  black,  tow,  wood  dust,  cork,  sulphur, 
malt,  flour,  celluloid,  sugar,  dextrin,  resin  and  other 
substances  likely  to  be  exploded  by  an  open  flame  or  a 
spark,  to  be  safeguarded,  when  present  in  a  finely 
divided  state,  by  the  same  ventilation  standards  pre- 
scribed for  explosive  gases  and  vapors. 

NOTE — Bins  used  for  the  collection  of  dust  from  such  substances 
to  be  tightly  enclosed  and  vented  to  the  outside  air. 


General  Order,  Light  and  Sanitation 

(a)  Aisles  and  passageways  to  be  kept  clear  of 
obstructions. 

(b)  Material  to  be  piled  in  an  orderly  and  substantial 
manner. 

(c)  Pipes,  rods,  etc.,  when  piled  vertically,  to  be 
secured  at  bottom  to  prevent  sliding  and  to  have  suffi- 
cient slant  to  prevent  falling. 


Workmen's  Compensation  Service  Bureau  21 

(d)  Places  frequented  by  employees  to  be  provided 
with  sufficient  light,  natural  or  artificial. 

(e)  Ample  volume  of  air  to  circulate  throughout 
rooms,  either  naturally  or  by  artificial  means.  (Supply 
to  be  sufficient  to  carry  off  dust  and  injurious  vapors  or 
gases. ) 

(f)  Metal  receptacles  to  be  provided  for  oily  waste 
and  refuse. 

(g)  Ample  and  proper  sanitary  facilities,  such  as 
clothes  lockers,  washrooms,  lunchrooms,  lavatories,  etc., 
to  be  provided  for  employees. 

Ladders 

(a)  Movable  ladders  (except  substantial  step-ladders) 

to   be  provided  with   safety  shoes.     (See   Plates  Nos. 

37-59.) 

NOTE — Where  ladders  are  to  be  used  on  wooden  floors  only,  spike 
points  to  be  accepted ;  otherwise  ladders  to  have  shoes  which 
will  automatically  adjust  themselves  and  provide  a  firm  hold 
on  floors,  irrespective  of  angle  at  which  the  ladders  may  be 
placed. 

Yards 

(a)  Where  railroad  tracks  or  sidings  enter  yards, 
proper  danger  signs  warning  employees  to  be  displayed, 
and  where  necessary,  flagmen  to  be  provided. 

(b)  Material  to  be  piled  in  an  orderly  and  substantial 
manner. 

Grinding  Wheels 

(a)  Wheels  over  eight  (8)  inches  in  diameter,  whether 
used  wet  or  dry,  to  be  mounted  with  safety  flanges. 
(See  Plates  Nos.  60-61.) 

(b)  Wheels  to  be  provided  with  substantial  retaining 
hoods,  covering  as  much  of  the  wheel  as  possible.  (See 
Plates  Nos.  62-63-64.) 


22  General  Standards 

(c)  Driven  pulleys  and  belts  to  be  properly  guarded, 
in  conformity  with  standards  for  belts  and  pulleys.  (See 
Plates  Nos.  62-63-64.) 

(d)  Efficient  belt  shifter  or  other  disengaging  device 
to  be  provided  for  cutting  out  each  wheel  or  pair  of 
w^heels  not  individually  driven. 

(e)  Arbor  ends  to  be  protected.    (See  Plate  No.  64.) 

(f)  Proper  exhaust  system  to  be  provided  for  grind- 
ing and  polishing  wheels  and  belts.     (See  Plate  No.  65.) 

(g)  Spectacles,  goggles,  masks  or  shields  to  be  pro- 
vided for  protecting  the  eyes  of  grinders.  (See  Plates 
Nos.  63-66A-66B-66C.) 

(h)  One  specific  man  (or,  where  the  number  of 
wheels  used  necessitates  it,  several  such  men)  to  be 
designated  to  attend  to  adjusting,  mounting,  truing  and 
balancing  wheels. 

(i)  Speed  of  wheels  not  to  exceed  speed  guar- 
anteed bv  manufacturer. 


Elevators 
(a)  General 

1.  To  be  equipped  with  speed  governor  arranged  to 
actuate  safety  catches  on  car.     (See  Plate  No.  67.) 

2.  To  be  provided  with  approved  signal  system 
(either  speaking  tube,  or  electrically  or  mechanically 
actuated  device). 

3.  Elevators  operated  by  hand  rope  to  be  provided 
with  locking  device  at  each  landing.     (See  Plate  No.  68.) 

4.  Machine  to  be  provided  with  automatic  limit  stops. 


Workmen's   Compensation   Service   Bureau  23 

5.  Proper  protection  to  be  placed  underneath  over- 
head sheaves.     (See  Plate  No.  67.) 

6.  Ample  light  to  be  provided  at  each  landing. 

7.  Where  car  is  to  be  used  for  freight  only,  a  sign 
to  that  effect  to  be  prominently  displayed  on  car  and  at 
each  landing. 

8.  A  sign  stating  maximum  lifting  capacity  as  fixed 
by  builders  to  be  posted  conspicuously  in  elevator  and  at 
each  landing. 


(b)  Hatchway  and  Hatchway  Entrances 

1.  Sides  of  elevator  shafts  to  be  smooth  and  free 
from  protruding  objects.  Beams,  floors,  etc.,  forming 
a  shear  with  floor  of  passing  elevator  to  be  bevelled  and 
sheeted. 

2.  Sides  of  hatchways  not  used  for  entrance  to  be 
substantially  enclosed  to  a  height  of  six  (6)  feet.  (Where 
drop  automatic  trap  doors  are  used,  only  a  railing  is  re- 
quired, except  in  the  case  of  counterweight  runways, 
which  must  be  enclosed  to  ceiling.)  (See  Plates  Nos. 
69-70.) 

3.  Gates  at  entrance  to  shafts  to  be  of  self-closing 
type  and  substantially  constructed.  (If  open  construc- 
tion is  used,  space  between  members  to  be  not  more 
than  two  (2)  inches.)     (See  Plate  No.  69.) 

4.  Gates  to  be  not  less  than  flve  (5)  feet,  six  (6) 
inches  in  height  (unless  placed  at  a  distance  of  at  least 
twelve  (12)  inches  from  inside  edge  of  hoistway— in 
which  case  height  to  be  three  (3)  feet,  six  (6)  inches). 

5.  Counterweights  for  gates  to  be  enclosed  and 
bottom  of  enclosure  sealed. 


54  Workmen's  Compensation  Service  Bureau 

(c)  Cars 

1.  Car  to  be  provided  with  approved  safety  catches. 

2.  Car  to  be  provided  with  automatic  hmit  stops. 

3.  Car  to  be  provided  with  ample  hght. 

4.  Sides  of  car  not  used  for  entrance,  to  be  substan- 
tially encased,  the  enclosure  to  be  not  less  than  six  (6) 
feet  high.  (If  open  construction  is  used,  the  space  be- 
tween members  to  be  not  more  than  two  (2)  inches,  and 
w^here  enclosure  borders  on  counterweight  runways,  not 
more  than  one-half  (/O  inch).     (See  Plates  Nos.  69-70.) 

5.  Proper  protection  to  be  provided  for  top  of  car. 
(See  Plate  No.  69.) 

Working  Machine  Hazard 

1.  All  power  working  machines  to  have  gears, 
sprockets,  chains,  bands,  belts,  pulleys,  clutches,  wheels, 
shafting,  spindles,  couplings,  counterweights,  revolving 
and  reciprocating  parts  and  all  other  dangerous  points, 
parts  or  projections  guarded  in  approved  manner. 

2.  All  roller-fed  machines  on  which  operator's 
hands  come  within  danger  zone  to  be  guarded  at  point 
of  operation  in  approved  manner. 

3.  All  machines,  on  w^hich  operator's  hands  come 
withindanger  zone,  having  a  shearing,  pressing,  squeez- 
ing or  cutting  action  to  be  guarded  at  point  of  operation 
in  approved  manner. 


PI  ate  1 


Sciffity     Cng/nee-^inq     Dp  pi 

■service      BUREFIU 
80    Maidef-<  Lcne, 


Plate  Z 


QRRPfOVEO  STRNORRO 
Scjftstw  £rYjins'efinq  Oepf 
l/l/0RKM£N3  COMPENSFITION 
SERVICE       BUREFIU 

80    Maiae>nLame,,  /v,  y 

Chfcied 

o^*<?        (^rj-  cyy9,j  //^ 


P/ate  3 


dPPROVEO       S  TfJNORRO 

Safety     Enqinesr-inq     Qppf 

tVORKMENS  COMPENSRTION 

SERVICE       BUREPU 

80    Ma  Idlers  Lane,  N.  Y. 

Rppyo^edC' 


P/afe  4- 


RPPffOVEC  S  TRNORRO 
Safsty  Enqineer'inq  Depf 
l^l/ORKMEN-S  COM  PENS RT ION 

service:     bureru 

80    Maic^en  L^ne-,  A/. 

Rppi'Ot'edC' 


P/afe  ^ 


RPPROVEO       S  TRNDRRO 

Safisty     E:nqir>ee>'inq     De>pf 

1^0 RK MENS  COMPENSRTION 

SEFf^lCE      BURERU 

60    Maide'-'Lane.  N.  Y. 

Checked 

Rpp'f'Oi'sdi. 
Oafe 


P/afe  6 


RPPROVEO       S  Tf=INDRRO 

Safety     Cnqinesyinq     Depf 

1^0 RK MENS  COMPENSRTION 

SERVICE      BURERU 

80    Maiden  Lane,  N.  Y: 


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P/a/^  7 


RPPK'OVEO  S  TRNDFIRO 
Safisti  Cnqineeyinq  Depf 
l/l/ORKMENS  COMPENSRTION 
SERVICE       BUREPU 

SO    Ma  I  a  en  Lone,  N.  Y. 


P/afe  8 


RPPROVEO       S  TRNORRO 

Safety     l^nqinee-ymq     Dcp-f 

t^ORKMENS  C0MPEN5RTI0M 

SER\/IC€       BURERU 

80    Maiden   Lane,   N.  Y. 
Orai^n 
Chfoked  . 
Rpp>-oi'edC 


'.;  ■;  ;,■ 


P/afe  9 


f^PPROVEO       S  TRNORRO 

Safety     [nqineefinq     Oe>pf 

tfO/fKMSNS  COMPENSRTION 

SERVICE      BURERU 

60    Maiden  Lane,  N.  Y. 

f^pp>-oyedC         _^^^__ 


P/are  10 


PIPPROVEO       S  TRNDRRO 

Safeti     Enqineefinf     Depi 

I^ORKMBNS  COMPENiRTION 

SERVICE      BURERU 

eo    Maiden  Lane,  N.  Y. 

Orat^n       _ 
RppfOfedi        . 


F/afe  II 


RPPROVSO       S  TFJNORRO 

Safety     Cnqinee-Hinq     Oe>pi 

IVORKMENS  COMPENSATION 

SEFfVICE      BUR£fU 

80    Maiefefi  Lane.  N.  Y. 

Chfcked 

Rppi'oyedc 

Date  Ci£j:  <y/S>/J 


x 


P/afe  /2 


RPPROVEO      S  TRNDRRO 
Safety     Enqinee'f-inq     Dfpf 
iVORKMENS  COMPENSATION 
SERVICE       BUREAU 

80    Maiden  Lane,  N. 
Drat 


Plate  L 


RPPROVEO       S  TRNORRO 
Safsty     Enqineefinq     Ofpf 
tVORKMSNS  COMPENSATION 
SERVICE      BURERU 
80    Maidefn  Lane,  A/. 
Orai/\in 
Chfohed 
Rppt-oyedC      _ 
Date  (D^J^C^/S/J  i 


Plate  M 


RPPROVED  S  TRNOFIRO 
Safety  Cnqineeyinq  Dcpi 
H/0RKMSN6  COMPENtRTION 
SEff^lCS:       BUREPfU 

60    Mi^i^enLi^np,   /V.  Y. 


P/afe  15 


RPPROVEO       S  TRNORRO 
Safety     Erxjir>eeyinq     Depf 
I4^0RKM£NS  COMPENSATION 
SERVICE       BUREFIU 

SO    Maiialen  Lane,  N.  Y. 

Drai^n        ^ 

Check  e<J 
Rppy-oi'edL 


I   *      I    I    '    '     *«;  c   *        *     '   ' 


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T 

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W          ' 

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/y^^/,?  /^ 


RPPPOVEO       S  TRNORRO 
Safety     Enqineet'inq     Dep'f 
i^ORKMENS  COMPENSRTION 
SER\/ICE       BURERU 

80    Maiden  Lane,  N.  Y. 
Drai^n  ^^^ 


P/afe  /7 


RPPROVSO       S  TfJNORRO 
Safsti     Cnqineeyinq      Dfpf 

1^0 rk mens  compenibtion 
service:     bureru 

80   Maiden  Lame,  N.  Y. 

Drai^n  ..^l^^'j- 

RpproysdU^  . . „ -^ 

D<^ff  <^^^  ^9k3  //^ 


%-/<-   /8 


RPPROVEO       S  TRNDRRO 

I^ORKMeNS  COMPENSATION 

SERVICE       BUREPIU 

80    M^iaer-i  Lane,  N.  Y. 


Plah  /9 


RPPROVSO       S  TRNORRO 

Safety     Enqinee-hini     Dppf 

i^ORKMENS  COMPENSfJTIOhl 

SERVICE      BURERU 

80    Maiafer,  Lane,  A/.  Y. 


Plate  20 


RPPROVeO       3  TFINORRO 
Safety     Enqinee-yinq     Oep-t 
^vorkmfns  compensrtion 
service:     bureru 

80    Maidet^   Lane,   N.  Y. 
Chfcked  ^!2^ ,.       ,1 


P/afe  21 


PIPPROVEO       S  TFINORRO 

Safety     Cnqineefinq     Dopf 

I^ORKMENS  COMPENSRTION 

SERVICE      BUREAU 

SO    Haiders  Lane,  A/.  Y. 


(D^^ 


^^ 


F/afe  2Z 


RPPROVEO       S  TRNDRRO 

Safety     £ne}ineefinq     Dfpf 

i^ORKMSN^  COMPENSRTION 

SERVICE       BURERU 

eO    Maiden  Lane,  N.  Y. 
Orai^n 


P/afe  25 


PIPPROVeO       S  TFINORRO 

Safisty     Ci-Mjine^finq     Oppf 

tVORKMEN3  COMPENSRTION 

SERVICE       BURERU 

80    Maidei^  Lane,  N.  Y. 


P/afe  Zfff 


RPPROVEO       S  TRNDFJRO 

SaUti     Enqirtee-t'inq     Depf 

1^0 RK MENS  COMPENSATION 

SERVICE      BURERU 

60    Maie/en  Lane,  Al.  Y. 


\SZZ^^Zi 


/%?/<?  Z^B 


RPPROVEO       S  TFINORRO 
Safetf     Enqineefinq      Dppi 
I^ORKMSNS  COMPENSATION 
SERVICE       BURERU 

80    Maiden  Lane.  N.  r. 
Drai^n (^ 

RppfOvedL 

Daft  (Ou-J-  C^/S/ 


P/afe  25 


RPPROVEO       S  TRNORRO 
Safeti     EnqineefirK]     Oppf 

i^orkmehs  cqmpensrtion 
service:     bureru 

80    Maicter^  Lane,  N.  Y. 

ChfoltG'^ 

Rpp-^oyedL 

Oafs'  (D^J-C^S 


P/afe  26 


RPPROVED       S  TFINORRO 

Safety    Enqineey/na    Dept 

1^0 RK MENS  COMPENSRTION 

SERVICE      BURERU 

80    Maiden  Lane.  A'.  Y. 

Orai^n 


F/afe  2  7 


PPPROVEO  S  THNDRRO 
Safetf  Enqirifffifinq  De>pi 
kl'ORKMEN.S  COMPENSRTIOM 
SERVICE       BUREAU 

80    Maiafe^n  Lane,  N.  Y. 

Checked  , 


Plate  28 


dPPROVEO       S  TF/NORRO 

Safsty     Cntjirieefinq     Ocpf 

^VORKMEN^  COMPENSRTION 

SERVICE       BUREFIU 

eO    Maiden  Lane,  N.  Y. 

Oral^n  v^T^y 

Checked  ^^ ■„■        .. 


Plate  29 


RPPROVEO       S  TFINORRO 

Safety     Cr>qir>ee>-inq     Dep-f 

14^0 RK MENS  COMPENSRTIOM 

SERVICE       BUREPU 

80    Maideri   Lane,   N.  Y. 

Chcokey 
Rpp-yoi'edC 


Plate  50 


RPPROVBO       S  TFINORRO 
Safsty     Enej/neey/nq     Depf 

^vorkmet^s  compen5rtion 
s£r\/ice:     burcfiu 

80    Maic^en  Lane,  A/.  Y. 


Dcte  <2ic^.  C^J>/J. 


PlaU  51 


RPPROVEO       S  TFINDRRO 
3afsty     Enqihee-yinq     Ocpf 
I^ORKMENS  COMPENiRTION 
SERVICE      BUREhJU 
eO    Maiic^en  Lane,  N.  Y. 
Drai^n 
Checked 
Flpp-yoyedC- 


P/afe  d2 


RPPROVEO       S  TFJNORRO 
Safety     fnginee^-zng     Oepf 

1^0 RK MENS  Compensation 

SERVICE       BURERU 
80    Maicter-i^Lane',  N.  Y. 

Chfol,e<J 


Plafe  35 


nppROVEO       S  TFJNORRO 

Safsty     Cnqihffey-inq     Depf 

l/l/ORKMENS  COMPENSATION 

seR\/'IC€      BURERU 

80    Maicten  Lane,  N.  Y. 

Dctfe 


P/af^  3^ 


RPPROVEO  S  TRNORRO 
Sofsti  Er>qinee>-inq  Depf 
l/I^ORKMENS  COMPENSFITION 
%€R\/ICE      BURERU 

80    Maiale'-t  Lane,  N. 


P/afe   5S 


aPPROVEO       STFINDRRO 

Safsti     Enqinee-yinq     Ocpf 

tVORKMENS  C0MPEN5RTION 

SERVICE       BUREPU 

80    Maidef^^Loine,  N.  Y. 

Checked 
RppyoyedC--     ._ 


/"/are  dS 


QPPffOVEO  S  TRNOFIRO 
Safety  f^ntjineef/nq  Oepf 
i4^0RKM£N3  COMPENSflTION 
SERVICE       BURERU 

80    Maidery  Lane,  N.  Y. 

Chfcked 
RppfpyedC- 


P/afe  37 


RPPROVEO       S  TRNORRO 

Safety     £nqineeyinq     Depf 

tVORKMENS  COMPENSRTION 

SERVICE      BURERU 

80    Ma/aenLane,  N.  Y. 


P/afe  58 


RPPR0V£O       S  TRNORRO 
Safety     Enqinee-t-inq     Of>pf 
t^ORKMENS  COMPENSRTION 
SERVICE       BURERU 
80    Ma  let  en  Lane,  N.  Y. 
Orai^n 
Chfoked 
Rppi-oyedL 
Date  €lcJ:  <y/?^3 


P/afe  d9 


RPPROVEO       S  TRNDRRO 
Safety     Cnqinee^-mq     Dcpf 

i^orkmens  compensrtion 
se:r\/ice     bur£ru 

80    Maidefi  Lane.  N.  r. 


P/afe40 


f^PPROVEO       S  TRNORRO 

Safety     Enqirtee-yinq     Depf 

14^0  RK MENS  COM  PENS  RTIOht 

SERVICE      BURERU 

eo    Haiders  Lane,  N.  Y. 

Checked  Z^;^^^     Ju.    ,)    ^ 


F/afe  41 


RPPROVEO       S  TRNORRO 

Safaiy     Enqinee^inq     Oppf 

I^OffKMFNS  COMPENSRTION 

SERVICE       BURERU 

80    Maiden  Lane,  N.  r. 

Ora 
Chfc  *  ea' 


PlaU  42 


RPPROVeO        S  TRNORRO 

Safet'f     Enqinee>-inq     Dfpf 

iVORKMEHS  COMPENSRTIOM 

SCR\/ICi:       BUR£RU 

80    Maic/en  Leine,  N.  y. 

Doff,       .C>^J^O^?^,l(^ 


P/afe  45 


RPPROVEO       S  TRNDRRO 

Safeti     Cnqines-f-inq     Ocpf 

iVORKMENS  COMPEh/SRTION 

SERVICE      BURERU 

eo    Maimer,  Lane.  N.  Y. 


Chfched  i 
flppt-oyedL 


M 


^^^^^—} 


/?^7/^  // 


RPPROVEO       S  TRNORRO 
Safety     Enqineef/na      Qppf 
H^0RKM£N3  COMPENSATION 
■SERVICE       BUREPU 

80    Ma ic^ en  Lane,  N.  Y. 
Orai^n 
Chcohed 
Rppfot^edl. , 


/%?/<? /5 


RPPR0V£O       S  TRNORRO 
Safsty     Enqineeying     Dppf 

1^0 rk mens  compensrtion 
ser\/ice:     bureru 

80    Ma/afei^  Lane,  N.  Y. 
Orai^n 
Checked 


P/a/e  46 


QPPROVeO  S  TRNOFIRO 
Saf<sti  £nijinee^ina  Ofpf 
i^ORKMSr^'S  C0MPEN5RTI0N 

service:     bureru 

80    Maiden  Le>r>e>,  M.  r. 

Chfcked 

Rpp-yoyf^C 


P/a/e  47. 


RPPROVEO       S  TFINDRRO 

Safety     €ntjinee>-ina     De>pf 

IVORKMENS  COMfENSRTtON 

SEF!>\/ICE       BURERU 

80    Maiale'-i  Lane,  N,  Y. 

Chfoked 

Rppi-ot'edC' 


F/af<?  48 


aPPROVEO  S  TFiNORRO 
Safety  Enqir>ee>-inq  Dt>pf 
l/l/ORKMCNS  COMPENSRTION 
SER\/IC£       BUR£PIU 

80    Maidef^  Lane,  N.  Y. 

Ora.  ... 

Chcohed  C^ 
Rppi-oi^edi 


F/afe  49 


QPPf^OVEO       S  TRNOFIRO 

Safety     E:nqineeyinq     Dppf 

l^O/fKMeNS  CGMPENSRTION 

SERVICE       BURCPU 

80    Maicter^  Lar^e,  ^.  r. 

Drai^n        ijy 

Chfokec/  , 


r. 


P/afe  ^0 


ctpppOVEO       S  TFINDRRO 
^^feti     £:nqineeyinq     Dcpf 

la/orkmfns  compensrtion 
■service:     burefiu 

SO    Maideri  Larie.  A',  r. 
fipp^i-oyedC. 


1 

r,      /I                                               1 

1 

.i  ___          i 

i^ 

^4^1                      !     ■■ 

1      1                      ' 

1      1                      1 

1 
1 

1 

1 

, ^ 

1             1 

1 ' 

1 

Plafe^l 


eiPPROVEO  S  TRNORRO 
Sofeti  Enqir>ee-yin<i  Depf 
H/ORKMEN^  COMPENif^TIOhJ 

service:     burepj 

SO    Ma leler^Lei '-'£•,    ^    >'. 
Checked 


1  rr^ 

1  1 

1 
1 
1 

1  n-n  ! 

I  n'  ~  n  i 

1 

1 
1 
1 

J  i 

F/afe62 


RPPROVEO  S  THNOFIRO 
Saf^ti  Cnqfneer-inq  Ofpf 
l/I^ORKM£NS  CQMPENtfJTION 
SERVICE       BUREPU 

80    Mciidery  Lane.  A/,  r. 


^5*—^ 

# 

'1 

© 

i 

^ 

/%7/6'     ^J 


RPPROVEO       S  TFINORRO 

Safety     Enqinee-yinq     Depf 

tVORKMENS  COMPENSATION 

SERVICE      BURERU 

80    Maiden  Lane,  N.  Y. 

Drai^n 

Rpp-yoyedi 


/^/^fe  64 


RPPROVeO       S  TF^NOFIRD 

Safeti     Enqinee>-ina     Depf 

Pi/OffKMFNS  COMPENiRTION 

SERVICE      BUREFIU 

80   Maie/er)^Loine,  N.  Y. 

RppfoyedC 


«    \  •   ,♦ 


P/afe  35 


eiPPROVSO       S  TRNORRO 
Safsty     Enqineeyinq     Dppi 
14^0 RK MENS  COMPENSflTION 
SERVICE       BURERU 
80    Maicfe^  Lane,  A^.  Y. 
Orci>^n       _J^ 
ChfchecJ 
f^ppi-pysdu       ..       ,.  ^     .    , - 


P/cf^s  56 fl 


RPPROVEO       S  TRNORRO 
Safety     Enqineefinq     Depf 

1^0 rk mens  compensation 
service:     bureau 

80    Hansen  Lane.  N    r. 
Chccl,ed 


P/afff  56  B 


RPPROVeO        S  TRNDFIRO 
Siif^ty     Enaineei'ina     Qppf 
iVORKMSNS  COMPENiRTION 
SeRV^ICE       BUR£FIU 
80    Ma  I  el  en   Lane,   N.  Y. 
Orai^n         __  ..ijy 
Checked 
Rppi-oi^edL. 


P/afe  57 


RPPROVEO        S  TRNORRO 
Safety      Cnqinee-^-inq      D&pf 
I^ORKMEN-5  CQMPEN5RTI0N 
SERVICE       BURERU 
80    Maiaez-i  Lar^e,  -V 

Chcc  k  e<y 


stwxt— Tis\\^v^         'tfmw^  ^^ 


F/afe  58  A 


iqppROVBD       S  TFINORRO 
Safeti     Enqineefinq     Oep-f 

i^orkmsns  compensfition 
service:     burefiu 

80    Maicien   Lane,   N.  Y. 

ChcoksJ  ' 
Rpp-yoi'edL       .  _ 


F/af^  58B 


RPPROVEO       S  TRNORRO 

iVORKMeNS  COMPENSFITION 

SER\/IC£      BURERU 

eO    Maiolen   Lane.  N.  Y. 

Chfcked  ^^ 


-(^M 


"V 7 5 7 


/%7/^  55' 


eiPPROVEO  S  TRNOPIRO 
Safsty  Cnqinee-t'inq  Dcpi 
l^ORKMENS  COMPENSRTION 
SERVICE       BUREAU 

80    Me»icte>^  Lartp,  A/   r. 

Rp/o^oi'e'^L. 


/'/a/d-  60 


i^PpROVEO        S  TFINO>=IRO 

t^ORKMENS  COMPENSFITION 
SEFfVICE       BURCRU 
80    Maiaer-<  Lar^e,  N.  r. 

Oral. 


P/afe  61 


RPPROVEO  S  THNORRO 
Safety  Enqineei'inq  Dcpf 
l^ORKMeNS  COMPENSATION 

service:     burepu 

BO    Maider^Li^ne,  N.  Y. 

Check  e<J 
Rppi-oyedC 


/%?/^  6  2 


QPPROVeo  S  TRNDRRO 
Safety  Enqin^e-t'inq  Dpp-f 
I^ORKM£N.5  COMPENSfJTION 
S£f?ii'/C£      BUR£FIU 

QO    Maiete'i  Lane,  /V.  Y. 

Rpp>oi'edC 


F/are  63 


PIPPROVEO  S  TRNOFIRO 
5af(Sty  Enqineefini  Depi 
t^ORKMENS  COMPENSRTION 
SERVICE       BURCPU 

80    Maidefi  Laric,  ^.  t. 

Chcc k ed 

Rpp-ypyedC 

Date 


F/aU  6¥ 


RPPPOVEO  S  TRNORRO 
Safety  Enqin^e^inq  Oppf 
i^ORKr^ENS  CCMPENSRTION 

service:     bureru 

80    Maicter^  Lane,  N.  r. 

Chfoked 


P/afe  65 


PIPPROVED       STRNORRO 

SaUty     E:nqir>ee-yinq     Depf 

l//ORKM£NS  COMPENSRTION 

SERVICE      BUREFIU 

eo    Ma  id  enplane.  N.  Y. 

Check  e^J 
Rppi-Oi'edC^ 


P/afe  66  H 


eiPPROVEO  S  Tf=INDRRO 
Safaty  Enqineeyinq  De>pf 
H'OffKMSNS  COMPENSATION 
SERVICE      BURERU 

80    Maiden  Lane,  N.  Y. 


Doff  i2c^ 


^^^ 


Plafe    66B 


RPPROVEO       S  TRNDRRO 
Safety     Cnqinef-yinq     Depi 

1^0 rk mens  compensrtion 
service:     burefiu 

80    Maiaem  Lane-.  A/.  Y. 
Orai^fi  C^^^ 


Plate  66C 


RPPROVED        S  TRNORRO 

Safaty      Cnqineefinq      Dfpf 

I^ORKMSN^  COMPENSFITION 

SERVICE      BUREPIU 

60    Ma  let  er^   Lane,   N.  Y. 

Chfcked 


/%7/d'  67 


RPP^OVEO       S  TRNOFIRO 

Safety     Enqineer-ina     Depf 

IVORKMENS  C0MPEN5RTI0N 

SERVICE      BUREFlU 

80    Maic^enLoine.  N.  Y. 

Chc<^l<ey 
Rppy-oyedC^ 


Fafenied     Devices 


P/af6'   68 


APPROVED       S  TRNORRO 

Safety     [:nqineefin<i     Depi 

1^0 RK MENS  COMPENSATION 

SERVICE      BURERU 

80    Maiden  Lane,  N.  Y. 

Orai^n 

Rppyo^edC. 

0<^  *f  £icJ--i 


P/afe   69 


APPROVED       S  TFINDRRO 
Safsty     Cnqineefinq     Dfpf 
^VORKMENS  COM  PENS  fir /ON 
SEffV/CE      BUREPU 

80    Maiden  Lane,  N.  Y. 

Orat^n       ^  J^^^^ 

Che-c  i,  ed 


O^fe    '     \^ZZ^SZ2 


P/afe  70 


RPPROVED  S  TRNOPRO 
Safety  Cnqinee^inq  Dpp-f 
tVORKMSN-S  COMPENSRTIOM 
SER\/IC€      BURERU 

60    Ma'der)  Le"^e>,  A/,  r 


For  Economic  and  Humanitarian  Reasons  the 

Prevention  of  Industrial  Accidents  is 

Our  First  Duty 


THE    UNIVERSAL    DANGER    SIGN^ 


^Adopted  by  the  Committee  of  Safely  of  the  United  States  Steel  Corporation, 
and  in  use  throughout  the  Subsidiarj'  Companies  of  the  Corporation.  It  is  placed  on 
all  warning  signs  to  indicate  danger,  and  for  the  especial  benefit  of  the  foreigner  who 
cannot  read.  It  is  hoped  this  will  become  as  significant  as  the  Red  Cross  :  and,  to 
that  end,  its  general  use  by  other  emplojers,  both  in  this  country  and  abroad,  is 
being  suggested  and  invited. 


t      1       9       > 


a   «     *» 


'I 


SAFETY    ECLIPSING    DANGER 


P/afe  7^ 


*Reproduced  by  permission  of  "  Safety  Engineering. 


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